Primates Id code: amd309Cercopithecidae Cercopithecus wolfi Meyer, 1891 (Eng) Wolf's guenon (Fre) Cercopithèque de Wolf Taxonomic notes Formerly included in C. pogonias, it is currently treated as a full species including three subspecies: C. w. wolfi (south Zaire basin between Zaire and Kasai Rivers), C. w. pyrogaster (south of the Kasai Rivers) and C. w. elegans (between the Lomami and Lualaba Rivers) (Oates, 1996; Wilson & Reeder, 1993). IUCN threat category Not listed. Available information Very little is known on the ecology of this species. Habitat use and preferences, species density, and interspecific relationships with other primates were investigated in the Lomako Forest (former Zaire) by McGraw (1994). Notes on its ecology are also found in Maté et al. (1995), who did research on this species in the Kikofe-Ikomaloki region (former Zaire). Data on its distribution are found in Colyn (1988), Feiler (1990) and Lernould (1988). General information on the species’ ecology is found in Kingdon (1997) and most of the authors above mentioned. Status, threats and conservation issues are discussed in Oates (1996). Known extent of occurrence 
C. wolfi ranges over former Zaire, north-eastern Angola and west Uganda, being limited by the Uele River to the north and by the Zaire River to the north-west. Fig. 2.3.23.a was obtained from Gautier-Hion et al. (1988), then updated on the basis the river network and revised according to the information in Oates (1996). Categorical-discrete (CD) distribution model The species occurs primarily in lowland forest; it also inhabits slope and swamp forests (McGraw, 1994; Kingdon, 1997). Based on these environmental preferences, the following scores were assigned (Fig. 2.3.23.b) (Tab. 2.3.23.a):
Tab 2.3.23.a: Cumulative size (km2) of areas pertaining to each environmental suitability class within the Extent of Occurrence.
Tab 2.3.23.b: Area of Occupancy fragmentation indexes. Probabilistic-continuous (PC) distribution model The output of the probabilistic-continuous (PC) distribution model is shown in Fig. 2.3.23.c. Validation
Tab 2.3.23.c: Categorical-discrete (CD) distribution model validation parameters. Comments and conservation issues The total EO is relatively large, covering most of the eastern part of the Zaire River basin. Suitable areas account for almost 60% of the total and moderately suitable areas account for 23%. Both models indicate lower suitability zones in the eastern part of the range, and the CD model in particular shows also how the south-western areas are highly interspersed with unsuitable areas. Though both the low percentage of EO (1.07%) included in the sample areas and the low number of valid points (12) suggest some caution in the interpretation of the results of the validation, the field work reveals a high degree of accordance (83.33%) with the CD model. Fragmentation is in fact mostly restricted to these areas, as the central part of the AO is actually one single large patch. The high AWMSI confirm the significant interspersion of different suitability classes. About 4% of the total AO is included in existing protected areas, but the species is not listed in the IUCN threat category system.
Tab 2.3.23.d: Percent of environmental suitability classes within EO (as obtained from the categorical-discrete distribution model) inside and outside the protected areas. References Colyn M.M. (1988). Distribution of guenons in the Zaire-Lualaba-Lomani River system. In: Gautier-Hion A., Bourlière F., Gautier J., Kingdon J. (Eds). A Primate Radiation: Evolutionary Biology of the African Guenons. Cambridge University Press, New York: pp 104-124. Feiler A. (1990). Distribution of mammals in Angola and notes on biogeography. Vertebrates in the tropics (Peters, G & R Hutter, eds). Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn.: 221-236. Gautier-Hion A., Bourlière F., Gautier J., Kingdon J. (Eds) (1988). A Primate Radiation: Evolutionary Biology of the African Guenons. Cambridge University Press, New York. Kingdon J. (1997). The Kingdon field guide to African Mammals. Academic Press, London and New York: Natural World. Lernould J. (1988). Classification and geographical distribution of guenons: a review. In: Gautier-Hion A., Bourlière F., Gautier J., Kingdon J. (Eds). A Primate Radiation: Evolutionary Biology of the African Guenons. Cambridge University Press, New York: pp 54-78. Maté C., Escobar M., Colell M. (1995). Preliminary observations on the ecology of forest Cercopithecidae in the Kikofe-Ikomaloki region (Ikela, Zaire). Folia Primatol.: 64, 196-200. McGraw S. (1994). Census, habitat preference and polyspecific association of six monkeys in the Lomako Forest, Zaire. Amer. J. Primatol.: 34 (4), 295-308. Oates J.F. (1996). African Primates Status Survey and Conservation Action plan. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group. Wilson D.E., Reeder D.M. (Eds) (1993). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C.
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